Explanations for this gender ‘penalty’ in the labour market. First, The scientific segregation exists in the form of ‘male’ and ‘female’ educational programmes, professions and entire industries. Second, women and men ‘accumulate’ and ‘spend’ human capital (knowledge and skills) differently. Third, socio-cultural stereotypes persist — for example, the man should provide for the family’s financial needs and the woman focuses on the house and children and, therefore, is less interested in questions of career and salary. Fourth, with all other things being equal, employers continue to prefer hiring male employees.
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There are also many subtle socio-psychological aspects. It is commonly held that women are less willing to take risks and are less competitive. They often have lower self-esteem, while men are more self-confident. ‘It is difficult for me to ask for a raise, I feel what unicorn companies have in common: b2b marketing strategy awkward, even though I feel that I’ve grown professionally’, noted our interlocutor, Natalia R. ‘A man can even have less education and still have more self-confidence. I see this in my co-workers who don’t have problems with self-esteem. And [a man] can also do better in his career, even if graduated from a less than top-notch university’.
According to various studies
The psychological differences between men and to agb directory the women account for from 3% to 30% of the gender pay gap. ‘A lot really is done to make men more active and confident’, said chemical analyst Tatiana S. (30). ‘The conditions created for them only strengthen their sense of self. They are offered better positions, more interesting research’.